RANGKUMAN BAHSA INGGRIS ( DIRECT INDIRECT SPEECH )

Rangkuman bahasa inggris           

•      Achmad Alief Azizi

•      Adinda Aprilla

•      Ika Susanti

•      Maulida Febiyola

•      Muhammad Fauzi

•      Neliawati

•      Rachma Alfadzilla

•      Santiya Yulianti

•      Sheirezha Rihayati Lesmana

•      Utari Mega Kusuma

Direct & indirect speech     

•      Direct Speech

Direct Speech is a sentence that has spoken directly from the speaker. We may quote the actual words of the speaker. This method is called Direct Speech.

•       Indirect Speech

Indirect speech is statement that has spoken isn’t exactly from the speaker. It’s may reporting something or some informations. It’s called with indirect speech or Reported Speech.

For Example:                                                                                  

·         They said:  We’re visiting botanical garden . ( Direct Speech )

·         They said they were visiting botanical garden today. ( Indirect Speech )

Structure

It will be shown in Direct speech.

·         The statement exactly spoken by speaker

·         The first letter of the statement begins with capital letter.

·         The word quoted have been put within Quotation Marks or Inverted Commas.

·         Thare was always a comma of a colon after ‘ said ‘ that introduces the spoken statement.

·         In Direct Speech, the speech that is reported isn’t put within inverted commas and does not begin with a capital leter.

·         That has been placed before the Indirect Speech

Rule Of Changing The Tense

Simple past and Past Perfect

Simple Past changing into Past Perfect

Rule of changing the Tense

Future, Present Conditional and Future continuous, Condtinal Continuous

Future Simple Tense

FUTURE	PRESENT CONDITIONAL
He said, “I will study the book”	He said that he would study the book.
She said, “I will buy a computer”	She said that she would buy a computer.
They said to me, “We will send you gifts”	They said to me that they would send me gifts.
I said, “I will not take the exam”	I said that I would not take the exam.

WILL change into WOULD

FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE
WILL BE changes into WOULD BE

FUTURE CONTINUOUS	CONDITIONAL CONTINUOUS
I said to him, “ I will be waiting for him”	I said to him that I would be waiting for him.
She said,” I will be shifting to new home”	She said that she would be shifting to a new home.
He said, “I will be working hard”	He said that he would be working hard.
He said, “He will not be flying kite”	He said that he would not be flying kites.

FUTURE CONTINUOUS	CONDITIONAL CONTINUOUS
I said to him, “ I will be waiting for him”	I said to him that I would be waiting for him.
She said,” I will be shifting to new home”	She said that she would be shifting to a new home.
He said, “I will be working hard”	He said that he would be working hard.
He said, “He will not be flying kite”	He said that he would not be flying kites.

Personal Pronouns change according to :

SON formula

1^st person = Subject

2^nd person= Object

3^rd person= No change

•         If subject of the quoted words is in 1^st person then it will change according to the subject of the reported verb

             e.g. -   He said to me, “I like coffee.”

                                  He told that he liked coffee.

•         If subject of the quoted words is in 2^nd person then it will change according to the object of reporting verb

              e.g. - He said to me, “You look happy.”     

                      He told that I looked happy.

•         If the subject of the quoted words is in 3^rd person then there will be no change.

             e.g. - He said to me, “She has already left.”

                                He told that she had already left.

Subject= 1^st Person

•      I said, “I want to consult my parents.”

                                                    

  I said that I wanted to consult my parents.

•       You said, “ I want to consult my parents.”

                                                            

  You said that you wanted to consult your parents.

•      She said, “ I want to consult my parents.

            She said that she wanted to consult her parents.

Object= 2^nd Person

•      Anil said to me , “ Your parents are waiting for you.”                       

    Anil told me that my parents were waiting for me.

•      Anil said to you, “ Your parents are waiting for you.”                          

    Anil told you that your parents were waiting for you.

•      Anil said to him, “ Your parents are waiting for you.”                        

   Anil told him that his parents were waiting for him.

3^rd Person = No Change

•      I said to you, “ He should be trusted.”

     I told you that he should be trusted.

•      She said , “ She is looking for a job.”

   She said that she was looking for a job.

Change of Adverbs

In Adverbs of Time and Place

Change in Adverbs of Time and Place

This	That
Today	That day
These	Those
Now	Then
Here	There
Tomorrow	The following/ next day
Yesterday	The previous day/the day before
Tonight	That night

Change of Adverbs

•      He said, “ I shall discuss this matter next week.”

   He said that he would discuss that matter the following week.

•      She said, “ We shifted to this house two weeks ago.”

   She said that they had shifted to that house two weeks before.

Direct & Indirect Speech

The Imperative Form

The Imperative Form

•      A sentence which expresses command, request, advice or suggestion is called imperative sentence.

            For example,                                                                                     

            • Open the door.

            • Please help me.

            • Learn your lesson.

•      To change such sentences into indirect speech, the word “ordered” or “requested” or “advised” or “suggested” or “forbade” or “not to do” is added to reporting verb depending upon nature of imperative sentence in reported speech.

•      No conjunction is to be used.

•      Change the verb of the reported speech into an infinitive by placing before it the preposition to.

•      Examples :

DIRECT	INDIRECT
He said, "Manzur, sit still."	He told Manzur to sit still.
"Forgive the boy his first mistake," said the mother to her husband.	The mother implored her husband to forgive the boy his first mistake.
The gentleman said to his servant, "Do not stay here.	The gentleman ordered his servant not to stay there
I said, “ Take your seat.”	I asked him to take his seat.
He said, “ Give me some food, please.”	He requested me to give him some food.

Exclamatory Sentence

In Exclamatory Sentences, reporting verb is changed into exclaimed with joy/sorrow/anger/surprise, etc. That is used.

Examples :

v   He said, “How beautiful a place!”

•        He exclaimed with joy that it was a very beautiful place.

v   Rohan said, “Alas! His father died.”

•        Rohan exclaimed with sorrow that his father had died.